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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an RF system that consists of an RF tag, an antenna, and a reader. A silicon chip mounted in the RF tag contains information about products that is embedded with an RFID tag and the antenna emits the data, which can range anywhere from several meters to tens of meters or more. The antenna is a conduit between the tag and the reader which decodes the radio data and passes them to the host computer system. So, any object equipped with a RFID tag can be automatically identified and traced.
RFID is already applied to smart cards such as traffic cards or employee ID cards and is distinguished by its frequency range. So far, contact-type RFID cards (13.56MHz) have been most commonly used in a range of 10 centimeters. The Company now is under development of non-contact RFID cards (900-2450 MHz) in a range of 3 meters. A RFID tag will play a pivotal role in realizing universal technology and replacing the bar code system. It will be more widely applied to a variety of sectors including logistics, electronic library, e-settlement, security, among others. 		 
   
  Inductive coupling, Microwave system, Optic system, Electrostatic coupling  
   
 
Frequency range Low frequency Tag
(Active)		 - Low frequency (30KHz-500KHz), short reading range, low system costs,
- Security access/ asset tracking/ animal identification applications, etc.
High frequency Tag
(Passive)		 - High frequency range (850 ~ 950 MHz or 2.4GHz ~ 2.5GHz)
- Long read range of 30 meters or more, high system costs, high reading speed
-Railroad car tracking/ container tracking/automated toll collection
Communication Inductively coupled tag - Short read range of 1 meter or less, need for coil antenna
- A reader-supplying power. Passive type
  Electromagnetic wave tag - Mid or long read range, high frequency antenna, applicable to longer range
    Bar Code Bar Code IC Card RFID
Reading Non contact Contact Contact Non-contact
Read range 0~50cm Insert Insert 0~5 m
Reading speed 4 sec 4 sec 1sec 0.01~0.1 sec
Read rate Less than 96% Over 99.9% Over 99.9% Over 99.9%
Readability Impossible Impossible Impossible Possible (except metal objects)
Memory 1-100 byte 1-100 byte 16-64 byte Under 64 Kbytes
Data Write Impossible Possible Possible Possible
Card damage Very frequently damaged Frequently damaged Frequently damaged Seldom damaged
  Tag cost Lowest Relatively low Expensive ($10 or more) $ 0.5-1
Security None None Impossible to copy Impossible to copy
  Programmability Programmability Programmability Programmability Programmable
 
 
Value chain Manufacturer Consumer Application Infra business (ONS, ASP, etc.)
Role distribution Silicon chip maker Product maker & seller S/W developer e-Biz or network operator
Application area -Tags (s-Tag,
    c-Tag)
-Chips
-Badges(including
  sensors)		 -Large marts
-Libraries
-Exhibition grounds
-Amusement parks
-Production process
-Services 		Logistical management
-Process management
-Accounting
-Monitoring
-Report of situations
-Location tracking		 RFID reader or AP
-ONS
-Maintenance
   system
   by sector
Operator -Alien
-Hitachi
-Matrix, etc.		 -Walmart(US)
-Matro (Germany)		 -Allixon -Auto ID
-IBM, HP,
   ccenture
        -Ubiquitous ID   
   center
Promising sector for domestic operators -Cellular phones (NFC
  service, Samsung
  Electronics)		 -Department   
  stores, Discount
  stores, etc.		 -Individual solutions (application development
by sector, small companies)		 -Networks (ASP
   Infra, KT)
   
   Non-contact reading
    Read through any obstacle
    Ability to read/write (reprogrammable)
    Semi-permanent use
    High security using algorithm
    High reliability of data processing
    Used in a variety of settings
    Multi-tag capability
    Ability to read while moving
    Large memory size